This part of "Hope & Altruistic Surrogacy" is to provide useful links to the legal and process side of surrogacy in Western Australia. I will attempt to provide factual information or links or contact that will give you further information. I am not a lawyer and would recommend anyone interested in surrogacy obtain professional advice.

Surrogacy Act 2008

The most important Act is the Surrogacy Act 2008 of Western Australia. It is the legislation that allows the beautiful act of surrogacy to occur. The following is an extract from the Altruistic Surrogacy website. This is a very useful forum for Arranging Parents and Surrogates.

http://www.fertilityconnectionsaustralia.com

Below, is a summary of the Act that allows altruistic surrogacy in Western Australia. A link to the complete Act can be found at:

http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/consol_act/sa2008139/

The guiding principles of this Act is that the wellbeing and best interests of a child born through a surrogacy arrangement are paramount

Am I eligible for surrogacy?

An eligible person or couple is someone who is unable to conceive or is able to conceive but is unlikely to carry the baby to term without significant risk to herself or the baby’s health. Eligible people include a single woman, or a partnered man and woman. One intended parents must be at least 25 years old before entering into an arrangement. The birth mother must have also given birth to at least one child of her own already.

Can we do Gestational Surrogacy?

Yes, you can use either your egg, or that of a donor. Medicare does not cover the costs IVF in the case of gestational surrogacy; this means you will be required to pay the full medical fee associated with getting pregnant

Can we do Traditional Surrogacy?

Yes, but you need to have a clinic to support you if you are not prepared to do home inseminations. If you use an IVF clinic for traditional surrogacy Medicare will not cover any of the cost

Is a surrogacy arrangement enforceable?

A surrogacy arrangement is not completely enforceable; however covering your surrogate’s costs is enforceable. Even if a surrogacy arrangement doesn’t end with a pregnancy or viable birth, the surrogate’s expenses must be paid by the IP’s if a surrogacy arrangement has been entered into. If the surrogate terminates the pregnancy for any reason other than health risks to herself or the baby; then the IP’s are not obligated to pay any expenses of the surrogacy arrangement.

What do we need to do to obtain a parentage order?

There are a few requirements you need to meet to be eligible for a parentage order - these must be done prior to entering an agreement…

Counselling

All parties need to have independent counselling with a counsellor who is prepared to prepare a report. This must be done at least 3 months prior to gaining approval from the Western Australian Reproductive Technology Council. Your counsellor be –

• Have a tertiary qualification or its equivalent in social work, psychology, counselling or another relevant field

• Or in the opinion of the court, have appropriate experience in this area

Legal Advice

You and your surrogate must have independent legal advice from different legal representatives before entering an arrangement. This must be done at least 3 months prior to gaining approval from the Western Australian Reproductive Technology Council. Independent legal advice is legal advice from a lawyer that is chosen by the person receiving the advice and is not providing advice to the other party in the arrangement. You can draw up your own arrangement if you have the knowledge and understanding to do so. At a minimum you all must have independent legal advice before entering the arrangement and after the birth of the baby.

Consent

Consent must be given freely by the surrogate before entering the arrangement. This means that there should be no coercion on the part of the IP’s.

What costs do the IP’s have to cover?

As an IP you must cover all of your surrogate’s reasonable costs which include…

• a reasonable medical expense that is not recoverable under any health insurance or other scheme

• premium payable for health, disability or life insurance that would not have been obtained by the birth mother if the surrogacy arrangement had not been entered into

• all costs for counselling services needed for a surrogacy arrangement (before pregnancy and after)

• all costs for legal fees needed for a surrogacy arrangement (before pregnancy up until obtainment of a parentage order)

• Any lost wages incurred as a result of the surrogacy arrangement and birth of the child. For the surrogate this includes 2 months of lost wages during which she is expected to give birth during that time; or for any other period during or after the pregnancy when the birth mother was unable to work on medical grounds associated with the pregnancy or the end of a pregnancy

Although the surrogacy agreement is not enforceable, an obligation under the surrogacy agreement to reimburse the birth mother’s expenses is enforceable unless the surrogate does not relinquish the child, or does not consent to a parentage order. The Act states that the surrogate has the rights to manage the pregnancy. This means the surrogate gets to choose where and how she delivers the baby.

Application of a parentage order

Must be made after 28 days of birth and before the child turns 6 months. If done outside this time you have to apply for special orders and this is at the court’s discretion

Your surrogate must be at least 25 years of age when entering into a surrogacy arrangement and have had at least one of her own children unless the Western Australian Reproductive Technology Council approves her decision to be a surrogate under exceptional circumstances

At least one intended parent must be at least 25 years of age

Each party must have signed the surrogacy agreement, this includes any donors used

At least 3 months prior to approval, the IP’s and surrogate must have had independent legal advice about the arrangement and its implications and the implications of a parentage order before applying to the courts for a parentage order

At least 3 months prior to approval, the IP’s and surrogate must have had counselling from an accredited counsellor about the arrangement and its social and psychological implications and been assessed by a clinical psychologist and confirmed, in a written report provided to the Western Australian Reproductive Technology Council, to be psychologically suitable to be involved in the surrogacy arrangement

Can I advertise for a surrogate in Western Australia?

Legally you are can advertise, but you cannot pay for that advertising.

Is commercial surrogacy illegal?

Yes, commercial surrogacy is illegal in Western Australia. Commercial surrogacy is defined by payment or reward given to the surrogate excluding the surrogate’s expenses.

Questions

Questions for Intending Parents / Arranging Parents and Surrogate to work through together.

The following text has been extracted from the VARTA Finding a Surrogate brochure.

https://www.varta.org.au/sites/default/files/Finding%20a%20surrogate%20-%20brochure.pdf

When a potential surrogate is already known to you

1. How do you think being a surrogate might affect our relationship?

2. Do you think your relationship with a potential child born from surrogacy would be different from your relationship with a child I was able to have without your help?

3. Who in our circle of friends and family do you think should be aware of our arrangement?

Motivations

4. What makes you interested in carrying for us?

5. How long have you been thinking about being a surrogate?

6. What attracted you to me/us?

7. Have you ever been a surrogate for anyone else?

8. Is this the right time for you to be a surrogate? What else is going on in your life right now?

Family and Work

9. What is your family situation? Partner? Children? Extended family?

10. Is your family comfortable with you doing this? How might this affect them? Are they willing to support your decision if you choose to do this?

11. If you haven’t told people, do you intend to? If so, when might you do this? How might you explain your pregnancy to others including your children, friends, family, and people in the supermarket?

12. Do you work outside the home?

13. How flexible is your workplace if you need to take time off?

Health

14. How old are you?

15. Do you or your extended family have any medical conditions that might affect the pregnancy?

16. Do you smoke, drink, use recreational drugs?

17. Can you tell me about your previous pregnancies? Have you ever had a termination, miscarriage, stillbirth or relinquished a child for adoption?

Medical Procedures

18. What do you know about the medical procedures involved in being a surrogate? Are you comfortable with having injections, internal ultrasounds and embryo transfer procedures and the possible risks they entail?

19. How would you manage with treatment and work including looking after your own children?

20. If an egg and/or sperm donor are being used – are you comfortable with this?

21. Are you aware there are health risks to you during the pregnancy and the birth?

22. The IVF process may not be successful. How would you feel if you do not become pregnant or miscarry?

23. It can take a long time to complete all the steps before we commence treatment (medical, legal and counselling appointments and approval from the Patient Review Panel). How much time are you prepared to commit to this?

24. If the first or second embryo transfer were not successful would you be prepared to try again?

Pregnancy

25. How would you feel if you became pregnant with twins?

26. What tests regarding the baby’s health and wellbeing would you consider having?

27. How would you feel if you were to become pregnant and the baby was diagnosed with a serious abnormality and we wanted to terminate the pregnancy? What if you thought there should be a termination and we disagreed?

28. How involved would you want us to be involved during the pregnancy? Would you feel comfortable if we/I came to medical appointments with you? How much contact is too much contact? How little contact might be too little for you?

29. Would you agree to us finding out the gender of the baby? Would you be disappointed if we didn’t?

30. How would you manage with pregnancy and work including looking after your own children?

31. If you became sick during the pregnancy and needed bed rest or hospitalisation, how would you manage? What support could we give you?

Birth

32. What is your ideal birth? Where would you want to deliver? What obstetrician and hospital would you prefer?

33. Would you like us to attend or would you prefer we wait outside? Who should cut the cord?

34. Some surrogates express colostrum and breast milk for the baby. What is your view on this?

35. Have you thought about possible complications occurring at birth or if the child was delivered and was very sick or disabled?

Future Contact and role

36. How do you think you will feel towards the child you helped us make?

37. Would you be prepared to stay in contact with us if the treatment is successful and we are able to have a child with your help?

38. How much contact would you ideally like to have and would you prefer it to be face-to- face contact or via email/Facebook/mail. Will it possibly involve family celebrations?

39. We plan to tell our child about you as we think it will be important for our child to know where they have come from and your special part in their beginning? Are you comfortable with this?

40. What role do you imagine you might have in our child’s life?

41. What would you like our child to call you?

42. Do you imagine there will be any future contact between our child and your children?

Legal Implications and Costs

43. Are you aware that it is illegal for us to pay you? We will pay any necessary expenses e.g. medical, counselling, legal and travel expenses and expenses relating to pregnancy, including life insurance.

44. Are you aware that at birth you would be the legal parent until parentage is transferred to us at a later stage?

Some additional, suggested Questions for the Arranging Parents (Intended Parents) and the Surrogate to work through together prior to finalising any legal agreement.

Medical Arrangements for Surrogate

1. Once the Surrogacy application has been approved - is there a limit to the number of treatment cycles the Surrogate will undertake?

2. In the case of "Traditional" Surrogacy - what type of treatment is the Surrogate prepared to undergo (Intra Uterine Insemination and/or IVF) keeping in mind this may be determined by the clinic.

3. Who will accompany (if anyone) Surrogate to clinical appointments I procedures etc?

4. Does the Surrogate want the Arranging Parentls in the consultation/procedure at the same time?

5. Does the Surrogate give consent for the clinic to give results etc to the Arranging Parent/s?

Written consent will be required.

Finances

6. What arrangements are made in relation to the Surrogate's time away from employment (if applicable)?

7. What consideration to loss of wages?

8. What arrangements made regarding childcare during pregnancy and confinement if required?

9. Responsibility for costs relating to childcare if any?

Welfare of the child

11. Do you plan on telling the child about the Surrogacy Arrangement?

12. How will this be managed?

During the Pregnancy

13. Surrogate's lifestyle choices during pregnancy?

14. List any agreed restrictions on Surrogate during pregnancy ....... . (diet, smoking, alcohol, exercise, recreational drugs, travel, employment)

15. If Arranging Parents deceased before birth who decides fate of the child?

16. Will the child be for "open adoption" or family adoption?

17. Decisions about fetal abnormalities (genetic abnormality/disease)

If termination required/decided upon - who decides?

• Arranging parents in consult with Clinicians

• Birth parents in consult with Clinicians

If miscarriage occurs - where will procedure (D&C) be undertaken.

18. Who will be responsible for out of pocket costs?

19. How will this be managed?

20. If Caesarian birth required, what arrangements will be made to support the birth mother at home after the birth?

21. Will there be costs associated with this support?

22. Agreed arrangements in the case of a stillbirth?

23. Who will make decisions regarding autopsy, funeral etc.

24. Where delivery will take place?

25. Choice of Obstetrician?

26. Private Health insurance?

27. Discussion regarding type of delivery?

28. Medications during labour?

29. Who will be contacted with information regarding commencement of delivery?

Grandparents, aunts, uncles, children etc ......

30. Who will be in the delivery room during birth?

31. Recording of delivery?

32. Camera/video? (Hospital/birth centre restrictions may apply?)

33. Who will undertake this?

34. Who will cut the cord (if normal, non-surgical delivery)?

35. Who will be the first to hold the baby?

36. What arrangements for the remainder of the "rooming in" period?

37. Discussion with hospital/birth centre may be required regarding this.

38. Arranging parent/s to have additional room?

39. What arrangements for the discharge of baby from the hospital?

Post Birth

40. If Arranging Parents deceased after birth but before parenting order finalised, who decides fate of the child?

41. Will the child be for "open adoption" or family adoption?

42. What contact/communication will the arranging parents have with the birth parent/s following delivery?

Conflict Resolution

43. If a disagreement occurs between parties before, during or after the Surrogacy how will conflict be resolved? Counselling.

Surrogacy Processes

The following provides an overview of the surrogacy process. It is general in nature and consultation with your IVF clinic will be required. Note not all IVF clinic undertake surrogacy, even though altruistic surrogacy is legal in Western Australia.

1. What is Surrogacy? Definitions

The Surrogacy Act 2008 (the Act) defines the commissioning couple as the Arranged Parents and the Surrogate as the Birth Mother. The definitions are different in every state of Australia, as the legislation is state based and has different rules for each state.

Altruistic Surrogacy means it is an offence for a person to enter into a surrogacy arrangement that is for reward. The intention is that the birth mother should not receive material benefit or advantage because of her involvement in the surrogacy arrangement. "Reasonable expenses" associated with pregnancy such as medical expenses, private health insurance, life insurance are permitted.

RTC is the Reproductive Technology Council, the body responsible for approving all Surrogacy arrangements.

The Parentage Order is issued by the Family Court to allow the legal transfer of parentage.

This transfers the responsibility of the child(ren) from the Surrogate (Birth Mother) to the

Arranged Parent/s.

Types of Surrogacy

Gestational Surrogacy (IVF Surrogacy) where the embryos are generated from gametes

of the Arranged parents or in some cases donated sperm or eggs. The Surrogate does not contribute her eggs and therefore has no genetic connection to the child.

Traditional Surrogacy where the embryo is generated from using sperm from the male

partner of the Arranged Couple (or Donor) and the Surrogate contributes her own eggs. IVF

or Al may be used to generate the pregnancy. In some states Traditional Surrogacy is not legal.

2. Who may benefit from Surrogacy?

Couples considering entering into a Surrogacy arrangement must have an appropriate medical reason for progression to Surrogacy.

Medical conditions must be severe yet there must be reasonable longevity for the Arranging Parents. All such medical cases require support through a Specialist medical referral.

3. Who can access Surrogacy and who can be a Birth Mother

Am I eligible to access Surrogacy?

The Arranged Parent/s must fulfil eligibility criteria as currently defined in Section 23 of the HRT

Act 1991. The following will be considered by the IVF clinic:

· Woman cannot be menopausal
· Interests of the child most important
· Family life
· Longevity of Arranging Parents, minimum of 18 years

Am I eligible to be a Birth Mother (Surrogate Mother)?

You must be over 25 years of age and healthy (to carry a pregnancy) as assessed by a medical practitioner, then you may be suitable to be a Birth Mother.

4. Information for the Arranged Parent/s

How do I find a Surrogate?

The Arranged Parent/s will need to source their own Birth Mother.

Best option for a Birth Mother:

· sister
· close relative
· long-standing close friend

In the absence of such candidate, Arranged Parents may be able to source a potential Birth Mother via personal advertisement.

Birth Mother must be an altruistic surrogate, she must not be acting for any financial reward.

Arranging Parents can cover medical costs and other reasonable expenses and these are precisely described in Part 2, Division 1, and Section 6 to 11 of the Surrogacy Act.

Specific Health, Disability or Life Insurance would be viewed as a reasonable expense as defined in the Act.

Costs

· Counselling for both Arranging Parents and Birth Mother and partner
· Psychological assessment
· Medical review
· Legal application
· Preparation of Surrogacy application
· Following a successful application for approval of the arrangement by the RTC
· IVF egg collection
· Vitrification
· Transfer(s).
· Obstetric costs

Any IVF related procedures used in a Surrogacy arrangement are not subsidised by Medicare.

What is the process for transferring our embryos to a Surrogate?

Embryos cannot be transferred to your Surrogate, until you gain approval from the RTC for the Surrogacy arrangement.

The Surrogacy Act (2008) stipulates process to be undertaken complete before considering an application. The following is a summary of the process:

Medical Evaluation

· Medical evaluation of the arranged parent/s to ensure suitability (Section 23 of HRT ACT) and of any donors
· Medical evaluation of the potential Birth Mother (must be suited to carry a pregnancy) and medical evaluation also of any donors.
· Counselling to discuss implications with a Approved Fertility Counsellor. Any dependent children of either party will be required to participate in counselling process.
· Preparation of medical report for RTC application.

Psychological Assessment

· Initial counselling at IVF clinic
· Implications Counselling
· Independent Psychological Assessment of Arranged Parents
· Independent Psychological Assessment of Birth Mother and partner
· Assessment will be undertaken by a third party Clinical Psychologist.
· Preparation of psychological report for RTC application

Cooling Off Period

Section 17 HRT ACT) requires at least 3 month "cooling off period" before the approval is sought from the RTC.

Legal Arrangement

· Arranging Parents have sought legal advice

· Birth mother and partner has sought independent legal advice (paid for by Arranging Parents)

· Reciprocal insurance cover in place.

· Legal arrangement to cover:

o costs will be met by the Arranged Parents

o level of reimbursement of costs associated with the arrangement to the Surrogate.

o Agreement on the list of questions ranging from birthing arrangements to future contact after birth

There are guidelines that govern the costs the Arranging Parents can cover, any other payments are illegal.

Application to the RTC

IVF clinic will apply to the RTC for approval to proceed with the Surrogacy arrangement.

Creating the Embryos

· Once RTC approval has been granted the embryos can be created.
· Same process as for IVF patients
· Where Arranged Parent/s have embryos from previous IVF attempts approval must still be attained to utilise those embryos in a Surrogacy arrangement.
· The Act does not allow for the creation of embryos, specifically for a Surrogacy arrangement, before written approval of the arrangement by the RTC.
· Oocyte will still require a 180 day quarantine period

Cryostorage before transfer

· Once the embryos have been created, they will be cryopreserved in a process known as Vitrification.
· A quarantine period of 180 days must be completed prior to embryo transfer.
· The quarantine period is to complete screening tests for infectious diseases
· Once quarantine is completed, the Birth Mother will undergo a medical review, placed on a hormone regimen that will synchronise the best time to transfer the embryo.

Only single embryo transfers will be undertaken occur. There is always the possibility of a multiple pregnancy which needs to be discussed at the initial Surrogacy arrangements.

It is important to note that, pregnancy does not always occur and all the expectations of those taking part in the process must be managed.

Traditional Surrogacy

· Traditional Surrogacy, requires the partner to have sperm frozen and quarantined for 6 months.

· Once RTC has granted approval, your Birth Mother will need to be monitored for insemination at ovulation.

After the birth of the child

Legal advice is required to be sought, however in general the following process is likely:
· Arranging Parents may assume responsibility for the baby shortly after the delivery but the Birth Mother and her partner are named on the Birth Certificate until the Parentage Order is made.
· After 28 days, you may apply for a Parentage Order where the legal responsibility for the baby passes from the Birth Mother (and her partner) to you and your partner.
· A new Birth Certificate is issued
· The Family Court has full responsibility for this legal transfer.

5. Information for the Birth Mother

How do I become a Surrogate?

· You may be approached by, or you may offer to be a surrogate for a family member or friend.
· Together with your potential Arranged Parent/s an appointment with IVF clinic
· Counselling is available at the preliminary stages.
· Arranged Parent/s and Birth Mother and partner need to undertake medical consultations to evaluate health and well being, your potential to conceive and subsequent ability to carry a pregnancy.
· The RTC will consider your suitability based on these factors and upon reaching 25 years of age and having already given birth to a live child, (Section 17).
· A key aspect of the initial process is the legal arrangements between the Arranged Parent/s and Birth Mother and partner. This may include issues such as multiple pregnancy, potential risks and complications to the child, your health and lifestyle and reimbursement of any potential monetary losses within the guidelines of the Act.

After the approval to proceed with a Surrogacy Arrangement from the RTC

· Once the RTC approval has been granted, the embryos generated and quarantine period
· completed, treatment will begin with a management plan to synchronise the best time to transfer the embryo.
· About one in three women fall pregnant after an embryo transfer. Several transfer may be required before pregnancy occurs.
· The Act requires counselling is available at the following times:

o following a decision by the Council in relation to an application for the approval of a surrogacy arrangement

o during treatment in connection with a surrogacy arrangement

o following a decision to discontinue treatment

o following miscarriage or birth of any child born in connection with a surrogacy arrangement

o 20 weeks after the beginning of a pregnancy

o 34 weeks after the beginning of a pregnancy

o Within 14 days after a miscarriage or the birth of a child

After the birth of the child

· If you fall pregnant and deliver a baby, that the Arranged Parent/s have access to the baby from birth.
· Legal transfer of responsibility via a Parentage Order is made by The Family Court.
· Parenting Order is to be sought 28 days after the baby is born but prior to 6 months from the day of birth.
· Independently and together with Arranging Parents legal advice and is required to establish the "approved plan", which deals with matters relating to the child and balances the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in the arrangement.

6. Birth Certificates

First Birth Certificate

· The woman who carries the pregnancy and delivers the baby is the legal mother. Legally her husband or partner is the father of the child.
· The first Birth Certificate is issued in the name of the Birth Mother and her husband/partner.

Second Birth Certificate

· After the Parentage Order is made a second Birth Certificate can be issued showing the
· Arranged Parent/s as the mother and father of the child.
· This is the Birth Certificate intended for general use e.g. for the child to gain school enrolment, passport, drivers licence etc.
· This Birth Certificate is dependent on the Parentage Order being made.

7. Surrogacy Application Checklist

· Medical Practitioner Report
· Gynaecologist Report
· Suitability and Obstetric History of Surrogate
· Completed and Signed Surrogacy Arrangement
· Counselling Report
· Independent Clinical Psychologist Assessment Report
· Legal Advice obtained and detailed regarding independent advice provided to the parties documented.
· Surrogacy Application Forms

8. A step by step approach to the altruistic surrogacy process

The costs provided here is based on information I could find, it is in no way extensive and subject to change. I am simply trying to understand the general extent and scale of costs associate with altruistic surrogacy. The Arranging Parents (Intending Parents) have to pay for all expenses for the Birthing Mother / surrogate and partner.

Phase	Action	Cost	Location
1	Medical Evaluation of Arranging Parents Suitability - consider oocyte I sperm freezing	Medicare rebate applicable Approx. $195 per person	At IVF clinic
2	Medical Evaluation of potential Birth Mother (Surrogate) Suitability and Partner (if applicable) Initial screening blood tests and ultrasounds. Donor Suitability (if applicable)	Medicare rebate applicable Approx. $195 per person	At IVF clinic
3	Overview by Medical Director	Approx. $2,500	At IVF clinic
4	Implications Counselling Age appropriate Counselling of children involved in the arrangement Genetic Counselling for all donors Genetic Counselling offered to recipients Implications Counselling and Genetic Consultations	Approx. $2,500	At IVF clinic
5	Psychological assessment by Independent Clinical Psychologist	Approx. $500 per person	External to IVF clinic
6	Legal advice regarding the Surrogacy Arrangement Arranging Parent/s: Birth Mother/Parents: Donor/s: require separate legal firms		External to IVF clinic
7	All reports from Medical Practitioners and Counsellors confirming suitability of all parties involved in the Surrogacy arrangement are collated	Approx. $2,500	At IVF clinic
8	Develop legal document arrangements and reciprocal insurance cover		External to IVF clinic
9	Application to the ATC. IVF clinic will collate documentation and the Medical Director applies to the RTC to proceed	Included in fee from phase 7.	At IVF clinic
10	Sperm Collection and Freezing Quarantine Period 180 days		At IVF clinic
11	Gestational Surrogacy On receipt of RTC approval the IVF cycle can commence for creation of embryos	Approx. $9,500 ICSI Approx. $800	At IVF clinic
	Traditional Surrogacy On receipt of RTC approval surrogate to start ovulation monitoring. Use of quarantined sperm for insemination		At IVF clinic
	In the event that an embryo is not available to transfer another IVF cycle will need to be undertaken.
12	Embryo Transfer	IUI Approx. $5,000 and medications Prepare surrogate for transfer Approx. $2,500 Approx. $4,500 and medications Anesthetic fees Approx. $500 - $1000	At IVF clinic
	If a pregnancy occurs IVF clinic will continue management up until 12 weeks and then transfer care of the Birth Mother to an Obstetrician.		External to IVF clinic
13	Birth	Approx. $15,000 Approx. $7,500 for OB plus $1,000 for attendance and delivery suite Approx. $1,500 anesthetist Approx. $7,000 for DS2 for Paed (attendance at birth, daily visits for 2 weeks) Cost for Arranging Parents to stay at hospital with Birthing Mother.	Hospital
14	If a pregnancy occurs, the Arranged Parents may assume responsibility for the baby shortly after delivery. The Birth Certificate is issued in the name of the surrogate and her partner. Counselling can be arranged at 20 weeks, 34 weeks and within 14 days of miscarriage or birth of a child.		External to IVF clinic
15	Parentage Order - After 28 days a Parentage Order is applied for through the solicitors and the legal responsibility is passed on from the Birth Mother to the Arranged Parents.	Application for final orders – parenting Approx. $340	External to IVF clinic
16	A new Birth Certificate is issued. The Family Court has full responsibility for this legal transfer which should be arranged through your solicitor.	Birth Certificate Approx. $55	Family Court

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